.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)mount.8	8.7.3 (2.11BSD) 1997/7/3
.\"
.TH MOUNT 8 "November 16, 1996"
.UC 7
.SH NAME
\fBmount\fP \- mount file systems
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B mount
[ \fB\-adfruvw\fP ]
[ \fB\-t\fP \fIufs\fP | \fIexternal_type\fP ]
.br
.B mount
[ \fB\-dfruvw\fP ]
\fIspecial\fP | \fInode\fP
.br
.B mount
[ \fB\-dfruvw\fP ]
[ \fB\-o\fP \fIoptions\fP ]
[ \fB\-t\fP \fIufs\fP | \fIexternal_type\fP ]
.I special node
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.B mount
command
calls the
mount(2)
system call to prepare and graft a
.I "special device"
on to the file system tree at the point
.IR node .
If either
.I special
or
.I node
are not provided, the appropriate information is taken from the
fstab(5)
file.
.PP
The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems.
If no arguments are given to
.BR mount ,
this list is printed.
.PP
The options are as follows:
.sp
.TP 10
\fB\-a\fP
Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call.
This option is useful in conjunction with the
.TP 10
\fB\-v\fP
flag to
determine what the
.B mount
command is trying to do.
.TP 10
\fB\-f\fP
Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade
a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only.  For 2.11BSD this
flag is currently not implemented.
.TP 10
\fB\-o\fP
Options are specified with a \fB\-o\fP
flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
The following options are available:
.sp
.RS 1.0i
.TP 10
async
All I/O
to the file system should be done asynchronously.

.B This is a dangerous flag to set,
.B and should not be used unless you are prepared to recreate the file
.B system should your system crash.
.TP 10
force
The same as
\fB\-f\fP;
forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade
a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only.   This is not
(and likely never will be) supported in 2.11BSD.
.TP 10
noaccesstime
File access times are not updated.

.B This is a performance optimization for filesystems used for largely
.B read-only, short-lived data, e.g., news.
.TP 10
noauto
This filesystem should be skipped when mount is run with the \fB\-a\fP flag.
.TP 10
na
Same as noauto.
.TP 10
nodev
Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file system.
This option is useful for a server that has file systems containing
special devices for architectures other than its own.
.TP 10
noexec
Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system.
This option is useful for a server that has file systems containing
binaries for architectures other than its own.
.TP 10
nosuid
Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect.
.TP 10
rdonly
The same as
\fB\-r\fP;
mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).
.TP 10
sync
All I/O
to the file system should be done synchronously.
.TP 10
update
The same as
\fB\-u\fP;
indicate that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.
.PP
Any additional options specific to a filesystem type that is not
one of the internally known types (see the
\fB\-t\fP
option) may be passed as a comma separated list; these options are
distinguished by a leading
\&- (dash).
Options that take a value are specified using the syntax -option=value.
At present no 2.11BSD mount options use the following form, the example
has been retained for illustrative purposes only.
For example, the mount command:
.sp
mount -t mfs -o nosuid,-N,-s=4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
.PP
causes
.B mount
to execute the equivalent of:
.sp
/sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -N -s 4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
.br
.RE 1.0i
.TP 10
\fB\-r\fP
The file system is to be mounted read-only.
Mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).
The same as the
``rdonly''
argument to the
\fB\-o\fP
option.
.TP 10
\fB\-t\fP "\fIufs\fP | \fIexternal type\fP"
The argument following the
\fB\-t\fP
is used to indicate the file system type.
The type
.I ufs
is the default.  \fIUfs\fP is also the only value supported by 2.11BSD other 
than \fIswap\fP.  Thus
the \fB\-t\fP will rarely be used.
The \fB\-t\fP option can be used
to indicate that the actions should only be taken on
filesystems of the specified type.
More than one type may be specified in a comma separated list.
The list of filesystem types can be prefixed with
``no''
to specify the filesystem types for which action should
.I not
be taken.
For example, the
.B mount
command:
.sp
mount -a -t nonfs,mfs
.sp
mounts all filesystems except those of type
NFS
and
MFS.
.sp
If the type is not one of the internally known types,
mount will attempt to execute a program in
.I /sbin/mount_XXX
where
.I XXX
is replaced by the type name.
For example, mfs filesystems are mounted by the program
.IR /sbin/mount_mfs .
.TP 10
\fB\-u\fP
The
\fB\-u\fP
flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file
system should be changed.
Any of the options discussed above (the
\fB\-o\fP
option)
may be changed;
also a file system can be changed from read-only to read-write
or vice versa.
An attempt to change from read-write to read-only will fail if any
files on the filesystem are currently open for writing unless the
\fB\-f\fP
flag is also specified.
This is currently not implemented in 2.11BSD.
The ability to change the flags (nodev, nosuid, etc) is however supported.
The set of options is determined by first extracting the options
for the file system from the
.I fstab
table,
then applying any options specified by the
\fB\-o\fP
argument,
and finally applying the
\fB\-r\fP
or
\fB\-w\fP
option.
.TP 10
\fB\-v\fP
Verbose mode.
.TP 10
\fB\-w\fP
The file system object is to be read and write.
.SH FILES
.TP 10
/etc/fstab
file system table
.SH SEE ALSO
mount(2),
fstab(5),
umount(8)
.SH BUGS
It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash.
.PP
.B mount
and this manpage were ported from 4.4BSD-Lite to 2.11BSD to gain the
ability to set the various flags such as \fBnodev\fP, \fBnosuid\fP and
so on.   Multiple filesystem types are not supported and several of the
options and flags are not implemented.
.SH HISTORY
A
.B mount
command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.